![]() ![]() The 1966 Cuban Adjustment Act provided Cubans admitted or paroled into the United States a direct pathway to legal permanent residence after just one year-the only fast-track designation of its type for a particular national origin. immigration law, with Cubans uniquely preferenced. Policy Differences for Cubans and HaitiansĬubans and Haitians have received particular designations under U.S. Select individual Caribbean countries from the dropdown menu. Census Bureau 2019 ACS.Ĭlick here for an interactive chart showing changes in the number of immigrants from the Caribbean in the United States over time. Source: Migration Policy Institute (MPI) tabulation of data from the U.S. Caribbean Immigrants in the United States by Country and Region of Origin, 2019 While the Caribbean immigrant population tripled in size between 19, its growth rate had declined by 2019 (see Figure 1). In the past few decades, natural disasters and deteriorating political and economic conditions have caused significant devastation and displacement, driving more migrants, from Cuba and Haiti in particular, to seek routes to the United States by land, sea, and air. Whereas the first major migration of immigrants from Cuba, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and other Caribbean nations was comprised mostly of the members of the elite and skilled professionals, the subsequent flows consisted chiefly of their family members and working-class individuals. Following the 1959 Cuban Revolution, an estimated 1.4 million people fled to the United States. Around the same time, political instability in Cuba, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic fueled emigration from the region. companies heavily recruited thousands of English-speaking “W2” contract workers from the Bahamas, Jamaica, and Barbados to fill critical jobs in health care and agriculture. fruit harvesting industries drew additional labor migrants, particularly to Florida. firms employed Caribbean workers to help build the Panama Canal, and many of these migrants later settled in New York. Voluntary, large-scale migration from the Caribbean to the United States began in the first half of the 20 th century, following the end of the Spanish-American War, when a defeated Spain renounced its claims to Cuba and, among other acts, ceded Puerto Rico to the United States. There have been distinct push and pull factors for nationals of the Caribbean, given that the United States previously exercised direct political control over most Caribbean nations, with the notable exception of Jamaica. Jamaica (16 percent) and Haiti (15 percent) are the two largest origin countries for Black immigrants. The Caribbean is the most common region of birth for the 4.5 million Black immigrants in the United States, accounting for 46 percent of the total. Close to 90 percent of immigrants in the United States from the 13 Caribbean countries and 17 dependent territories come from one of four countries: Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, and Haiti. Approximately 4.5 million Caribbean immigrants resided in the United States in 2019, representing 10 percent of the nation’s 44.9 million total foreign-born population.
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